Columbine, Virginia Tech, Sandy Hook, 9/11

[NoOne]

Hey everyone! Sorry I haven't been on here this week. School sucks but I still have to go there I've been getting my homework done, but at the latest hours possible.

I'm really into criminology, which is investigating/researching crimes and looking into why it was done. I usually like looking into the bigger ones. I've always known about 9/11 because we review about it on its anniversary every year in school and on the news. I was in 7th grade when Sandy Hook happened and my school at the time actually donated stuffed animals to all the survivors and the victims' siblings. I've a bit more research about those 2 on the side. This past week, I looked up Columbine. I've always heard it and knew it was one of the worst school shootings in US history but I didn't actually knew what happened. Now that I've done an intensive amount, I know a lot and I have to say, damn it was horrible. I just started looking into Virginia Tech yesterday and that was even worse. I've realized 3 things about all 4 of these horrendous events...

 

1) I'm pretty paranoid now, and yesterday in all my classes, I secretly made an fighting/escape plans which involved being armed with sharp pencils and pens to jumping out of windows if worst case scenario where to happen (hey I'm scared of heights but in moments like Columbine or Virginia Tech, I don't think that kind of hesitation would even cross your mind). I need to take a break from the criminology stuff for a while.

2) In the 3 shootings, the perpetrators all were dubbed "mentally insane" and "social outcasts". While the second title was disproved for the Harris and  (Columbine), it was proven true for Cho (VT). I don't know about Lanza (SH), but he obviously had issues with his mother since he killed her. The terrorists in 9/11 were obviously extremists. In all 4 events, the perpetrators all killed themselves. It was proven that the terrorists, Harris, and Klebold all went in in the intention to later commit suicide/to die in the process. I find this cowardly and inhumane. You do the worst thing possible--end another human life due to pure selfishness. You can't even face the music and accept what you did was horrible. You take the easy route and avoid legal/moral consequences by ending your own life. It's not an act of justice or heroism. It's unfair and I would say anyone who killed a ton of people only to kill themselves is a pathetic human being.

And 3) It kind of proved that God, if he even is real, is unjust and lazy. Why would he let innocent students, a vast majority of them still under 18, get brutally shot by these people they probably didn't know existed? Why would he allow the perpetrators to have such problems and not show them how to get help? Why wouldn't he save people who just wanted to work or get from point A to point B by plane? Why couldn't he have shown the Muslims to practice Islam in a non-hurtful way? I go back to this quote Sam Harris said about God regarding the problem of evil..."either God can't stop evil because he can't, he won't, or he doesn't exist. God is either impotent, evil, or imaginary, so take your pick." I love to take the third choice, but if it's #2...it shouldn't matter if he exists or not. Sure atheists were wrong about the existence part, but if he's an evil and narcissistic tyrant, what does it say about the Christians who worship him? I don't think they would be bad people but they would need to re-evaluate everything they believed.

 

I wrote a lot I know. I always write essays, I hope you're all used to it by now if you did read the whole thing, what do you think? Anything you want to add?

Thanks and have a wonderful day <3

[mymistake]

I still think it would discourage these attacks if the News Media were not permitted to identify the perps.  Let them become the unnamed.  Shoot up a school and your face does not end up on TV, and your story does not get published in Newsweek.  I think fame is part of the motive and we should deny that fame.

[FreeThinkerNZ]

Compared to Europe, Canada, Australia and NZ, mental health care and public awareness of mental illness in the US is very poor.

 

There seems to be a culture of rejecting medication and sometimes therapy too, which are the only interventions that have adequate scientific evidence of efficacy and safety.  Even if a patient agrees to take medication, they have a hard job accessing a qualified psychiatrist who is allowed to prescribe.  Lots of patients in the US can only access a nurse practitioner most of the time, and I am told that family doctors are reluctant to prescribe psychiatric meds.

 

I'm not claiming medication is always safe, clearly it is not, but there is enough knowledge among the psychiatric community around the world to enable better utilisation rates in the US, if there was the political will to change things.

 

For example, in NZ there is good access to family doctors who are skilled and allowed to prescribe a range of first line drugs for all the common mental illnesses.  If those drugs don't work or cause negative effects, there is good access to psychiatrists, free of cost to those with moderate to severe illness.  For that group of people there are also free home visits by specialised nurses, or social workers, or occupational therapists.  People can also access dieticians, exercise specialists, lower skilled home support workers, transport to treatment, employment services, you name it.

 

The cost of these services to the taxpayer is probably lower than the inflated costs for health care in the US.  Someone pays, sometime, and if you don't have good preventative and treatment services there are going to be more preventable deaths and all the costs that go with that.  

 

Research has shown that on average mentally ill people are no more violent than the general population.  However, whenever a mentally ill person kills someone, it is reported in the media, so it looks like mentally ill people are extremely scary.  This contributes to stigma, and barriers to accessing treatment, which leads to more murders, accidental deaths (and suicides of people whose mental illnesses may be treatable and they could lead "normal" lives, with the right supports).

 

When mentally ill people kill, the victims are usually their family members, who have usually spent years trying to get proper care for them.  Because guns are a very efficient way to kill a lot of people  quickly, and they are still relatively easy to get in the US, despite efforts to keep them out of the hands of the mentally ill, spree shootings will continue.  

 

Reforming the health system to improve mental health services would probably be a lot more effective than any other intervention aimed at reducing spree killings.

[Ellinas]

From a U.K perspective, it is incredible that the tools to commit such acts are so readily available in the U.S.  True, the determined killer will find a way to kill - but that's no reason to make it easy.  And maybe access to such weapons feeds the self image and the mindset that leads to killing.

[mymistake]

From a U.K perspective, it is incredible that the tools to commit such acts are so readily available in the U.S.  True, the determined killer will find a way to kill - but that's no reason to make it easy.  And maybe access to such weapons feeds the self image and the mindset that leads to killing.

 

Over 99% of our population can handle the responsibility.  The trouble is giving that right to everyone means also the ones who can't handle it.

[FreeThinkerNZ]

 

From a U.K perspective, it is incredible that the tools to commit such acts are so readily available in the U.S.  True, the determined killer will find a way to kill - but that's no reason to make it easy.  And maybe access to such weapons feeds the self image and the mindset that leads to killing.

 

Over 99% of our population can handle the responsibility.  The trouble is giving that right to everyone means also the ones who can't handle it.

 

 

And when the right was given out, people probably couldn't conceive of where that would lead.  Constitutional amendment was meant to be a relatively regular thing, not done once and left for a couple of centuries.

[Overcame Faith]

Your issue #1 - preparedness. I think it is always a good idea for people to be aware of their surroundings because things like you describe do happen. For example, while in a restaurant, do not sit with your back to what is happening in the restaurant. Rather, face that direction so you can see what is happening. It's not just criminals that can be the issue. Fire is another possibility. When you enter a public place, always take note of the closest exit in case something happens that requires a quick escape in case of an emergency.

 

Your issue #2 - mental illness of criminals. They are not all mentally ill, but some clearly are. I think when we as a society stop looking on mental illness as a badge of shame and begin to view it as a problem which needs treatment like any other health issue, that more people may seek help. Too many people fear ridicule for admitting they may have a mental or emotional issue. Some also fear losing jobs and these things hold too many people back from getting the help they need.

 

Your issue #3 - God. It's the old question of where was God in all of the horrible things that happen. I guess all God cares about is helping good Christians find a parking place, but helping people not get murdered is not in his job description. I jest, of course, because what I really think is that what happens in the world is exactly what I would expect if either there is no God or, if there is a God, he has a strict hands off policy (deism). That is why children starve to death by the thousands in Africa, thousands are killed in terrorist attacks, war is rampant, and diseases are not cured due to miracles, but through the advancement of medical science carried on by human beings.

[NoOne]

mymistake, I totally agree with you. There have been smaller-scale shootings where the shooters were "inspired" by Columbine and VT. I even think the VT guy said he wanted to try and compete with what had happened at Columbine. I know a lot of people see these shooters as "revolutionaries", saying they just wanted to go against the grain and get back at those who hurt them. But the thing that doesn't make sense to me about that is the fact that most of these victims, especially the murdered ones, didn't actually have anything to do with them.

I definitely believe in gun control. I think that if you live in a city where a lot of violence or break-ins happen, then it's okay to have a gun. If you live in the woods and like to go hunting, it's okay to have a gun. If you are homicidal or suicidal, you shouldn't have a gun. If you're mentally insane and you don't take your medication, it may be bigoted but I don't think you should be allowed to have a gun. If you live close to a school or a mall, anything like that, you shouldn't have an assault weapon like the army uses. It's not a matter of taking away people 2nd amendment rights in my opinion. When kids are killed left, right, and center and it's been a huge problem for a good 15-16 years, then it people's lives and safety should prioritize over whether you can have a huge gun or not. And you want a gun just for the sake of having a gun, I'm sorry, but that's kind of dumb.

And I also agree that more needs to be done to help the mentally ill. There's still a lot of stigma we need to get rid of.

[violetbutterfly]

As far as feeling paranoid, you can look up videos on YouTube for active shooter preparedness. I've taken classes for this because of my job. It might make you feel a bit more prepared. It's nothing earth shattering, but there were some tricks I learned in class for barricading and escaping. I'm.not sure if there is anything like that on YouTube. I'll have to check later, on my phone now.

[Aiyana]

Responsible American gun owner here, as is my husband. We own guns to protect our home and our family. Never will I agree that we should have our right to bear arms taken away because of what the bad guys have chosen to do.

[FreeThinkerNZ]

If you live close to a school or a mall, anything like that, you shouldn't have an assault weapon like the army uses. It's not a matter of taking away people 2nd amendment rights in my opinion. When kids are killed left, right, and center and it's been a huge problem for a good 15-16 years, then it people's lives and safety should prioritize over whether you can have a huge gun or not. And you want a gun just for the sake of having a gun, I'm sorry, but that's kind of dumb.

 

IMHO, military style semi automatics are beautiful, especially the black ones.   I don't think it's feasible to limit them according to whether people live near schools and malls, and doing so would in no way reduce spree shootings.  There is a group of people who are responsible gun owners, and I see nothing wrong with allowing them to have whatever size firearm appeals to them, as long as they keep it locked away when not in use, so it won't fall into irresponsible hands.  The challenge is how to keep any firearms away from irresponsible people, not the style or capacity of the firearm.  There are no easy solutions to that, but I think you'd find that responsible gun owners, by definition, want the same thing.

[NoOne]

As far as feeling paranoid, you can look up videos on YouTube for active shooter preparedness. I've taken classes for this because of my job. It might make you feel a bit more prepared. It's nothing earth shattering, but there were some tricks I learned in class for barricading and escaping. I'm.not sure if there is anything like that on YouTube. I'll have to check later, on my phone now.

Oh I'm such a weirdo about this. I've watched "Run/Hide/Fight", which is more for a workplace shooting but anyway lol. I've read articles on what to do if an active shooter were to come into whatever building you're in. There's a lot of self defense stuff on YouTube. I feel like I'm one of those people who knows what to do when it's not happening but when it did I would blank out completely.

[NoOne]

Responsible American gun owner here, as is my husband. We own guns to protect our home and our family. Never will I agree that we should have our right to bear arms taken away because of what the bad guys have chosen to do.

If I offended you, I apologize.

[Aiyana]

 

Responsible American gun owner here, as is my husband. We own guns to protect our home and our family. Never will I agree that we should have our right to bear arms taken away because of what the bad guys have chosen to do.

If I offended you, I apologize.

 

Nah, no offense taken. I do have strong opinions though

[FreeThinkerNZ]

 

As far as feeling paranoid, you can look up videos on YouTube for active shooter preparedness. I've taken classes for this because of my job. It might make you feel a bit more prepared. It's nothing earth shattering, but there were some tricks I learned in class for barricading and escaping. I'm.not sure if there is anything like that on YouTube. I'll have to check later, on my phone now.

Oh I'm such a weirdo about this. I've watched "Run/Hide/Fight", which is more for a workplace shooting but anyway lol. I've read articles on what to do if an active shooter were to come into whatever building you're in. There's a lot of self defense stuff on YouTube. I feel like I'm one of those people who knows what to do when it's not happening but when it did I would blank out completely.

 

I think I would blank out too, but I've been told (I think it was by a first aid trainer) that people who plan and rehearse it in their head beforehand are more likely to take the correct actions under pressure.  I've never been first on the scene of a bad car crash but I've thought about what to do many times.

[violetbutterfly]

Responsible American gun owner here, as is my husband. We own guns to protect our home and our family. Never will I agree that we should have our right to bear arms taken away because of what the bad guys have chosen to do.

Same here.

[Overcame Faith]

 

Responsible American gun owner here, as is my husband. We own guns to protect our home and our family. Never will I agree that we should have our right to bear arms taken away because of what the bad guys have chosen to do.

Same here.

I agree. Once our lives and our freedoms are shaped by the evil that criminals do, they have won. May it never be so.

[Penguin]

The following comes from my experience in criminal justice classes, emergency preparedness from the Boy Scouts (in response to events like Columbine and 9/11), and my experience in an investigation for conspiracy to commit murder against a local high school.

 

The best defensive weapon against those who would hurt us is vigilance. Terrorism only works if we are terrified. Vigilance is not paranoia, but rather an attention to the unusual. I used to work for a company that surveyed audiences as they watched trailers before movies in theaters. After the Aurora Massacre (which took place 19.2 miles from Columbine High School), theaters were much more aware of their movie-goers. At the premiere of Lone Soldier, a guy walked in with a holster sticking out from under his jacket. I alerted management, and they calmly approached him. Turned out it was just the holster, no gun, in keeping with the theater's "no weapons" policy. It is better to be embarrassed for overreacting than to regret not acting at all. You don't have to (and should not) live in fear, but you should pay attention to anything that looks out of sorts. Notice it and report it.

 

One of the first signs of a school or workplace attack in progress that you will likely notice will be sound. In many school shootings, people weren't listening for weapons, so they assumed the pops and bangs were balloons popping or construction equipment for some project they were unaware of at the campus. If it's unlikely that the sounds you're hearing are harmless, it's time to act.

 

First things first: call the cops. Some people miss this. In fact, a lot of them do. Most cell phones today have an emergency call feature that goes out directly to 911 or the country's equivalent. You may not have time to talk to the dispatcher, so quickly but calmly say, "shooting/explosion at (location)." Be as specific as possible. Something like, "Shooting at Anywhere High School at the corner of Any Boulevard and Where Place. Third floor. I'm in Room 232B." Follow the dispatcher's instructions, but if you have to put the phone down, do so--but never, ever, ever hang up. Leave the phone in a place where you can shout details if you need to (more on that later).

 

Second: lock the room down. If there's one or two entry points to the room and you can easily lock or barricade those doors, do it. The more completely you can barricade the door, the better. If students need to work together to move a large cabinet in front of the door, you may be the warm, calm center that motivates them to do it. Get people to breathe and focus by breathing and focusing for yourself. The idea is to prevent entry into the room through all doors if feasible. Try not to leave any room for them to get even an arm (or a gun, or a pipe bomb) through.

 

If you are able to lock the room down, the next priority is to get people down on the floor away from the doors and windows. Under desks is preferable. Bullets will go through surprising things, and surprising things will stop them. Any desks you haven't used to barricade the doors should be used to hide behind and under. Put backpacks in the chairs; anything thick and heavy. Students have survived school shootings because of their backpacks (though it's by no means a guarantee).

 

If you cannot lock the room down, then your priority needs to be escape. Most school and workplace shooters work alone (Columbine was an anomaly). If there is an exterior door, that's your target. Avoid using the hallway if you can. Either way you go, you must impress upon others the need for silence and speed. Clap your hand over someone's mouth and drag them if they're a weeping wreck, but the quieter and quicker you can move to an exterior exit, the better. Keep eyes peeled in all directions as you move the group out directly toward the exterior door. Your goal is to move out of the line of sight of the building and--once there--call for help.

 

In the worst-case scenario, your attacker gets through the barricade or somehow gets at you. This is where any weapon comes into play. There is no pleading for your life or trying to reason with a shooter in these events. If he (and it'll probably be a "he") gets a chance to raise his gun, you're dead. There is no fighting fair. If you've got a pair of scissors, it goes in his neck, his eyes, his mouth, his groin, his belly--anywhere soft you can hit. Then you hit him again. And again. Until he stops moving. Bite, scratch, kick, pull, punch--if you think of it, do it. If he drops his gun, shoot him in the head with it. It will be bloody and graphic and you will probably need post-traumatic therapy, and that's okay--because you'll be alive. While you're attacking the son of a bitch, if you've got the phone in the room with the dispatcher on the line, start shouting out any details you notice about him. ANYTHING. That scene from Taken where she's shouting at the phone while her Dad's listening? That, but with more stabbing on your part.

 

In the best-case scenario, you and your friends have made it outside. You might be intercepted by someone who looks like a cop. Ask for ID, even if his uniform looks like the real deal, and even if he's got a big gun. Once you've identified he's legit, follow his instructions to the letter. If you have seen or interacted with the shooter, tell the officer everything you can remember. Answer his questions as accurately as you can. If you hurt or killed the asshole(s), tell the officer first thing how many you hurt, how you hurt them (i.e., "stabbed him in the belly, gouged out his eyes, kicked his nuts, etc."), and where they were when you left them (classroom number, floor, etc.).

 

If, while you're escaping, you come across someone who is injured, make note of them, but as long as the shooter's in the building, don't stop. Tell the officer(s) outside how many you came across who are hurt. Yeah, they might die, but if you stop, you might die too.

 

Not fun to think about or to prepare for, but it can save your life.

[SilentLoner]

Another day, another mass shooting. Murica.

[BrotherJosh]

As far as feeling paranoid, you can look up videos on YouTube for active shooter preparedness. I've taken classes for this because of my job. It might make you feel a bit more prepared. It's nothing earth shattering, but there were some tricks I learned in class for barricading and escaping. I'm.not sure if there is anything like that on YouTube. I'll have to check later, on my phone now.

 

Agreed. Also, a classic is Jeff Cooper's color coded situational awareness. Unfortunately, most people stay in "Condition White" meaning they are totally unaware of their surroundings, the people around them, what other cars are doing etc...Think of your awareness when sitting on the couch watching TV. Most people move through the world with this level of awareness. When out and about it's smart to instead stay in Condition Yellow - a state of relaxed alert. You are aware of the people around you, the environment and so on. Does that gas station have a few lights out and a rough group of kids standing out front? Probably best to get gas down the street. Should I walk down this shady street all alone at night? Just common sense stuff will help us avoid later saying "They came out of nowhere". 

[NoOne]

The following comes from my experience in criminal justice classes, emergency preparedness from the Boy Scouts (in response to events like Columbine and 9/11), and my experience in an investigation for conspiracy to commit murder against a local high school.

 

The best defensive weapon against those who would hurt us is vigilance. Terrorism only works if we are terrified. Vigilance is not paranoia, but rather an attention to the unusual. I used to work for a company that surveyed audiences as they watched trailers before movies in theaters. After the Aurora Massacre (which took place 19.2 miles from Columbine High School), theaters were much more aware of their movie-goers. At the premiere of Lone Soldier, a guy walked in with a holster sticking out from under his jacket. I alerted management, and they calmly approached him. Turned out it was just the holster, no gun, in keeping with the theater's "no weapons" policy. It is better to be embarrassed for overreacting than to regret not acting at all. You don't have to (and should not) live in fear, but you should pay attention to anything that looks out of sorts. Notice it and report it.

 

One of the first signs of a school or workplace attack in progress that you will likely notice will be sound. In many school shootings, people weren't listening for weapons, so they assumed the pops and bangs were balloons popping or construction equipment for some project they were unaware of at the campus. If it's unlikely that the sounds you're hearing are harmless, it's time to act.

 

First things first: call the cops. Some people miss this. In fact, a lot of them do. Most cell phones today have an emergency call feature that goes out directly to 911 or the country's equivalent. You may not have time to talk to the dispatcher, so quickly but calmly say, "shooting/explosion at (location)." Be as specific as possible. Something like, "Shooting at Anywhere High School at the corner of Any Boulevard and Where Place. Third floor. I'm in Room 232B." Follow the dispatcher's instructions, but if you have to put the phone down, do so--but never, ever, ever hang up. Leave the phone in a place where you can shout details if you need to (more on that later).

 

Second: lock the room down. If there's one or two entry points to the room and you can easily lock or barricade those doors, do it. The more completely you can barricade the door, the better. If students need to work together to move a large cabinet in front of the door, you may be the warm, calm center that motivates them to do it. Get people to breathe and focus by breathing and focusing for yourself. The idea is to prevent entry into the room through all doors if feasible. Try not to leave any room for them to get even an arm (or a gun, or a pipe bomb) through.

 

If you are able to lock the room down, the next priority is to get people down on the floor away from the doors and windows. Under desks is preferable. Bullets will go through surprising things, and surprising things will stop them. Any desks you haven't used to barricade the doors should be used to hide behind and under. Put backpacks in the chairs; anything thick and heavy. Students have survived school shootings because of their backpacks (though it's by no means a guarantee).

 

If you cannot lock the room down, then your priority needs to be escape. Most school and workplace shooters work alone (Columbine was an anomaly). If there is an exterior door, that's your target. Avoid using the hallway if you can. Either way you go, you must impress upon others the need for silence and speed. Clap your hand over someone's mouth and drag them if they're a weeping wreck, but the quieter and quicker you can move to an exterior exit, the better. Keep eyes peeled in all directions as you move the group out directly toward the exterior door. Your goal is to move out of the line of sight of the building and--once there--call for help.

 

In the worst-case scenario, your attacker gets through the barricade or somehow gets at you. This is where any weapon comes into play. There is no pleading for your life or trying to reason with a shooter in these events. If he (and it'll probably be a "he") gets a chance to raise his gun, you're dead. There is no fighting fair. If you've got a pair of scissors, it goes in his neck, his eyes, his mouth, his groin, his belly--anywhere soft you can hit. Then you hit him again. And again. Until he stops moving. Bite, scratch, kick, pull, punch--if you think of it, do it. If he drops his gun, shoot him in the head with it. It will be bloody and graphic and you will probably need post-traumatic therapy, and that's okay--because you'll be alive. While you're attacking the son of a bitch, if you've got the phone in the room with the dispatcher on the line, start shouting out any details you notice about him. ANYTHING. That scene from Taken where she's shouting at the phone while her Dad's listening? That, but with more stabbing on your part.

 

In the best-case scenario, you and your friends have made it outside. You might be intercepted by someone who looks like a cop. Ask for ID, even if his uniform looks like the real deal, and even if he's got a big gun. Once you've identified he's legit, follow his instructions to the letter. If you have seen or interacted with the shooter, tell the officer everything you can remember. Answer his questions as accurately as you can. If you hurt or killed the asshole(s), tell the officer first thing how many you hurt, how you hurt them (i.e., "stabbed him in the belly, gouged out his eyes, kicked his nuts, etc."), and where they were when you left them (classroom number, floor, etc.).

 

If, while you're escaping, you come across someone who is injured, make note of them, but as long as the shooter's in the building, don't stop. Tell the officer(s) outside how many you came across who are hurt. Yeah, they might die, but if you stop, you might die too.

 

Not fun to think about or to prepare for, but it can save your life.

The intensity...is it bad if I liked reading this?

[Penguin]

The intensity...is it bad if I liked reading this?

 

Not really. I enjoy writing about such things, and as one who considered a degree in criminology, I find the subject interesting.

[FreeThinkerNZ]

 

The intensity...is it bad if I liked reading this?

 

Not really. I enjoy writing about such things, and as one who considered a degree in criminology, I find the subject interesting.

 

 

I find it interesting too.  DG, maybe you have an aptitude for working in emergency services in the future?  Some people have the personality/constitution to handle a situation like this calmly, others don't.  I like to think I'd be leading the students out quickly and quietly, but maybe I'd be the one freaking out and being dragged with a hand over my mouth, lol.

[violetbutterfly]

You might be intercepted by someone who looks like a cop. Ask for ID, even if his uniform looks like the real deal, and even if he's got a big gun. Once you've identified he's legit, follow his instructions to the letter. If you have seen or interacted with the shooter, tell the officer everything you can remember. Answer his questions as accurately as you can.

I'm just gonna add, proceed with caution here. I get where you're going with this but in a chaotic situation like an active shooter, adrenaline is pumping and the cops are extremely cautious of everyone. If you run into a fully uniformed officer with a marked squad car or a SWAT team member, I would not advise demanding credentials before you cooperate. That could end badly.

 

I find it interesting too.  DG, maybe you have an aptitude for working in emergency services in the future?  Some people have the personality/constitution to handle a situation like this calmly, others don't.

Agreed! DG is this something you have ever considered? It's a calling and it does take a certain personality. Maybe it's something to look into. You have to have a thick skin and stay calm under pressure but it's very rewarding.

[mymistake]

When crap hits the fan we are only as good as our training.  Pick what kind of a responder you want to be and get that kind of training.  Drills are the only thing that you will remember.